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=Welcome to the MARQUETTE MEMORY PROJECT.=

Each student was assigned a topic to summarize. Each of these topics helped lead the United States to Civil War.
 * The Road to Civil War Ends..... DUE WEDNESDAY, December 14th. **

====__//** PART 1 Directions: **// USE Chapter 8__ (Sectional Conflict Intensifies) for your written work -__** NOTE: **__ Many topics will have a primary source provided in the text - it should take a simple search online to locate it for your hyperlink.====


 * 1) Summarize your assigned topic below in 2 sentences (what happened? who were key actors? why important?)
 * 2) Analyze how your assigned topic was a cause to the Civil War below in 2 sentences
 * 3) Provide a historical image that relates directly to your topic and insert by your summary and analysis.
 * 4) Provide one hyperlink to a primary source regarding your topic (link to actual document, quote or letter, etc.)

PART 2: Download worksheet off class website and complete.

1**. __Wilmot Proviso__** SUMMARY: In August 1846, Representative David Wilmont, a Democrat from Pennsylvania, proposed an addition to a war approprations bill. His amendment, known as the WIlmont Proviso, proposed that in any territory that the United States gained from Mexico "neither slavery nor involentary servitude shall ever exist". In result to this proposal,southners were outraged and thought it would threatin slavery everywhere.This proviso was passed in the House of Representatives, but the Senate refused to vote on the issue. John C. Calhoun constructed many resolutions for this which never came into effect, but demonstrated the growing anger of the south. Calhoun argued that the states owned teh territories of the United States in common, and teh Congress had no right to ban slavery in them. Calhoun then warned, that if teh North continued to refuse, teh South would surely erupt nto war and violence.

__** David Wilmont, a Democratic Representative out of Pennsylvania proposed the Wilmont Proviso, which stated that in new territories gained from Mexico would not use slavery. John C. Calhoun then proposed many resolutions wich were never put into effect, but demonstrated the anger of the South. **__

ANALYSIS: This was a cause to the Civil War because it enrages many southners because they were losing all their territory for slaves and the North was controling more and more of the expanding United States. The Southerners were angry at the Congress for banning slavery, and Calhoun stated, "political revolution, anarchy, and civil war" would surely erupt, the South warned the North, but they failed to agree. This picture represents the Wilmont Proviso well. The big man in the middle is the provisions and the resolutions made by the North and South. The south on the right is ready fro war and the North on the Right is also ready for war. The man in the middle is trying to stop both sides from fighting, but at the same time evoking battle.

[|Wilmot Priviso]

SUMMARY: Senator Lewis Cass of Michigan suggested that the citizens of each new territory should be allowed to decide for themselves whether or not they wanted to permit slavery. Popular Sovereignty appealed to many members of Congress because it removed the slavery isssue from national politics. It also appeared democratic since settlers themselves would make the decision. ANALYSIS: Abolitionists argued that it denied African Americans their right to freedom, but many Northerners supported the idea because they believed Northerners would settle most of the new territory and then ban slavery there. The Free-Soil, which opposed slavery in the "free soil" of western territories. []
 * 2. __Popular Sovereignty__ **


 * 3__. 49ers and California statehood__ **

SUMMARY:

ANALYSIS:


 * 4. __Compromise of 1850__ **

SUMMARY: The compromise of 1850 was first opposed by president Taylor, but once he died, president Fillmore took over and was fully behind the bill. After the bill passed it releaved the tension over slavery, but it would not be a permanent solution.

ANALYSIS: The compromise releaved tension after it was passes, but conflicts still arose. After the compromise failed the citizens hope for compromise soon faded.



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=** Fugitive slave act ** =

==SUMMARY: was passed by the United States Congress on September 18, 1850, as part of the Compromise of 1850 between Southern slave holding interests and Northern Free-Soilers. This was one of the most controversial acts of the 1850 compromise and heightened Northern fears of a slave power. It declared that all runaway slaves be brought back to their masters.==

Analysis: This led to the War because there were northerners that started to harbor slaves and help them know that it is more difficult to escape.
[]


 * 6. __underground Railroad__ **

SUMMARY: The Underground Railroad was a system that helped slaves from the South reach freedom in the North or Canada. The slaves were led form house to house up the country by conductors, like Levi Coffin.

= **ANALYSIS:** **The Underground Railroad was important to the Civil war because it caused Southerners to deepen their mistrust of Northern Intentions. This caused an even deeper** =

rift between the two sides. Primary Source


 * 7. __harriet Tubman & Beecher Stowe__ **

SUMMARY: Harriet Tubman and Beecher Stowe were two great anti-slavery activists. Harriet Tubman was known for leading other slaves out of slavery in the south while Beecher Stowe, instead of physically leading slaves out, wrote a book //Uncle Tom's Cabin// which opened up to the world the realities of slavery.

ANALYSIS: Harriet Tubman and Beecher Stowe both were related to the Civil War because of the issue of slavery. Slavery was one of the big issues of the Civil War and they both influenced the northern side of the country. This caused outrage from the south and that made them hate the north even more.

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 * 8. __Kansas Nebraska Act__ **

SUMMARY: In order to build a transcontinental railroad, Douglass wanted to create a new territory called Nebraska, but the southern senators refused to accept it as a territory if the Missouri Compromise was not repealed. Douglass passed the Kansas-Nebraska Act in May 1854 which would divide the new territory into two states with Nebraska being a free state and Kansas being a slave state.

ANALYSIS: Since Kansas had enriched soil for slave plantations, the slave settlers moved from Missouri to Kansas whcih angered Northern settlers who then tried to race to the territory. By March 1856, there were two different governments in Kansas and a civil war broke out which killed 200 people by 1856 and 2 million dollars in property damage.

http://www.ourdocuments.gov/doc.php?flash=true&doc=28 home

ANALYSIS:


 * 9. __Repealing Missouri Compromise__ **

SUMMARY:
 * 

Stephan A. Douglas, a Senator from Illinois, wanted to create a bill that would allow any state that organized in the Nebraska territory to exercise popular soverignty, deciding for themselves whether to allow slavery. The bill also was to repeal the Missouri Compromise, allowing slavery in the region and dividing the territory int a north and south region.



ANALYSIS: When douglas drew up the idea to repeal the Missouri Compromise, he knew that it would divide up the country which would ultimatly lead to the civil war. Also when the bill was proposed it outraged the Northern Democrates and whigs, they called it an "atrocious plot" which created tension among the states that would later lead to the civil war. []


 * 10. __Bleeding Kansas__ **

SUMMARY:

ANALYSIS:


 * 11. __Caning of Charles Sumner__ **

SUMMARY: Charles Sumner gave a bitter speech in the senate titled, "The Crime against Kansas," in which he bashed the south and went on a personal tirade against South Carolina's Senator Andrew Butler. Representative Preston Brooks of South Carolina thought that Sumner went too far and being a distant relative of Butler, Brooks decided to retaliate. Two days after the end of the speech, Brooks entered the Senate Chamber and hit Sumner repeatedly on the head with his cane until he was finally physically restrained by another man. The physical and psychological injuries kept Sumner away from the Senate for two years.

ANALYSIS: South Carolina held events in honor of Brooks and reelected him to his house seat. The fact that they praised him for what he did outraged northerners more than the caning itself, which raised tensions even higher, eventually leading to the civil war. [|Charles Sumner Quotes]




 * 12. __Republican Party__ **

SUMMARY: The Republican Party was officially organized in July 1854 and started to prevent the United States from becoming an aristocracy, as they feared the South was trying to do. The Republicans originally did not agree on slavery in the states, but argued that it must be kept out of the territories.

ANALYSIS: The Republican Party was only trying to stop the spread of slavery, not purge it from the States. The South's secession after Lincoln was elected was a foolish move that caused unnecessary bloodshed. []


 * 13. __Dred Scott decision__ **

SUMMARY: James Buchanan suggested that the nation let the Supreme Court decide the question of slavery. The court released its opinion in the vase of //Dred Scott v. Sandford//. Dred Scott was a slave whose slaveholder took him to free territory to live for a while, and then they returned. Dred sued to end his slavery saying that the time he had spent in the free territory granted him freedom. Chief Justice Roger B. Taney delivered the majority of the opinion and ruled agaisnt Scott because he said that African Americans were not citizins.

ANALYSIS:Instead of removing the issue of slavery, this continued to become a political issue. The Supreme Court had said that the federal government could not prohibit slavery in the territories. Fre soil, one of the basic ideas of Republicans, was unconstitutional.


 * 14. __Lincoln & Douglas Debates__ **

SUMMARY: Abraham Lincoln was nominated as the Illinois Republican candidate to run for senate agaisnt Stephen A. Douglas in 1858. Douglas had the advantage in the race because he was favored nationally. Lincoln attempted to expose him on a larger stage by asking him questions during debates that regardless what side he takes his answer will anger one side. During one of their debates, Lincoln asked him if the people of a territory could legally exclude slavery before achieving statehood. Douglas's answer became known as the Freeport Doctrine. He replied by saying he aggreed with the Dred Scott ruling but he disagreed with the idea that people could keep slavery out by refusing to pass the laws needed to regulate and enforce it. Even though Lincoln was a master debater, Douglas won the campaign.



ANALYSIS: Even though Lincoln did not win the race, the race increased his popularity and established Lincoln a reputation for being a man with insightful thinking. Lincoln's debates also resulted in the public more clearly understanding the Republican Party's principles. Roger (Hunter) Daley []


 * 15. __John Brown’s Raid__ **

SUMMARY: On the night of October 16th, 1859 John Brown and 18 other men seized the federal Arsenal at Harpers __Ferry in West Virginia.__ Brown wished to begin an insurrection against slaveholders. A force of U.S. marines captured Brown just 36 hours later and he was condemned to death. __John's famous last words were “the crimes of this guilty land will never be purged away; but with Blood.”__

ANALYSIS: John Brown died a martyr for a noble cause and strengthened the abolitionist movement throughout the __North and started the idea that the conflict could only be settled through fighting.__

__http://www.civilwarhome.com/johnbrown.htm__ __Jeremy Steinhafel__